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Rhenish Hesse or Rhine-Hesse〔Elkins, T H (1972). ''Germany'' (3rd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus, 1972, p. 214. .〕〔Dickinson, Robert E (1964). ''Germany: A regional and economic geography'' (2nd ed.). London: Methuen, p. 542. .〕 ((ドイツ語:Rheinhessen)) is a region in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, made up of those territories west of the Upper Rhine river that from 1816 were part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and of the People's State of Hesse until 1945. The hilly countryside is largely devoted to vineyards, comprising the Rheinhessen wine region. ==Geography== Rhenish Hesse, stretches from the Upper Rhine Plain on the west bank of the Rhine up to the Nahe and Alsenz rivers in the west and down to the mouth of the Isenach in the south. The region borders on the Rhineland in the northwest, on the Palatinate in the southwest, and on South Hesse beyond the Rhine. The Rhenish-Hessian Hills along the Selz river, also called the "land of the thousand hills", reach up to at the summit of the Kappelberg and about in Rhenish-Hessian Switzerland. The Mainz Basin, a Cenozoic marine basin, covered the area about 38 to 12 million years ago. The landscape is characterised by large Loess and Marl deposits. Due to the favourable climatic conditions of Rhenish Hesse, agriculture covers most of the region. As the Hunsrück and Taunus ranges protect it from cold winds, wine and fruit production is practised on a large scale. The region comprises the cities of Mainz – the Rhineland-Palatinate capital – and Worms, surrounded by the administrative districts of Mainz-Bingen and Alzey-Worms. Other towns include Bingen, Alzey, Nieder-Olm, Ingelheim, Nierstein, Oppenheim, and Osthofen. Many inhabitants commute to work in Mainz or Wiesbaden and Frankfurt in the neighbouring state of Hesse. ==History== The Rhenish-Hessian lands already gained significant importance, when they – unlike other territories left of the Rhine – were allotted to King Louis the German by the 843 Treaty of Verdun. The region formed the core territory of Rhenish Franconia, it comprised the Imperial Cathedrals of Worms and Mainz erected here in the High Middle Ages. The Worms Synagogue and the Jewish Cemetery count among the oldest in Europe. Devastated by the Thirty Years' War, the area later was a patchwork of possessions of the Catholic Electorate of Mainz and the Prince-Bishopric of Worms as well as of the Protestant Electoral Palatinate. Rhenish Hesse was occupied by Revolutionary France in 1792; when at the Congress of Vienna in 1814-15, Grand Duke Louis I of Hesse had to give up his Westphalian territories, he was compensated with the district on the left bank of the Rhine. Because of this addition, he amended his title to ''Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine'' and the name of the region was created. After World War II, in Allied-occupied Germany, the Rhenish-Hessian lands were incorporated into the newly established state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rhenish Hesse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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